Moving from container to ground

Container-grown perennials and shrubs often have congested roots this time of year. When planting, it is essential to manipulate the roots out of their pot shape for proper root development. Some roots can be teased apart with your hands; others are so thick you will need a penknife to break up the mat of roots, especially at the base.

Lift and divide your perennials

Early fall is an excellent time to lift and divide perennials such as hostas, day lilies, irises and black-eyed Susans. Clumps that have become crowded with reduced flowering are good candidates. Lift the entire clump with a garden fork, wash off the soil if necessary and separate the crowns.

Some will detach by hand, others with a knife, depending on the variety. Each new division should have roots and the tiny crown buds that will shoot up in the spring. Improve the soil before replanting, and pot up surplus divisions for friends. Don't let them dry out.